Need Help Decoding This Algorithm For The Encryption [duplicate]
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To be effective, a cipher includes a variable as part of the algorithm. The variable, which is called a key, is what makes a cipher's output unique. When an encrypted message is intercepted by an unauthorized entity, the intruder has to guess which cipher the sender used to encrypt the message, as well as what keys were used as variables. The time and difficulty of guessing this information is what makes encryption such a valuable security tool.
Recently, law enforcement agencies, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), have criticized technology companies that offer E2EE, arguing that such encryption prevents law enforcement from accessing data and communications even with a warrant. The FBI has referred to this issue as \"going dark,\" while the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has proclaimed the need for \"responsible encryption\" that can be unlocked by technology companies under a court order.
In 1976, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman's paper, \"New Directions in Cryptography,\" solved one of the fundamental problems of cryptography: how to securely distribute the encryption key to those who need it. This breakthrough was followed shortly afterward by RSA, an implementation of public key cryptography using asymmetric algorithms, which ushered in a new era of encryption. By the mid-1990s, both public key and private key encryption were being routinely deployed in web browsers and servers to protect sensitive data.
The \"strength\" of using this comes from using the RijndaelManaged class to perform the encryption for you, along with using the Rfc2898DeriveBytes function of the System.Security.Cryptography namespace which will generate your encryption key using a standard and secure algorithm (specifically, PBKDF2) based upon the string-based password you supply. (Note this is an improvement of the first version's use of the older PBKDF1 algorithm).
(Optional) The number of iterations to transform the password into a binary key. Specify this parameter to adjust ColdFusion encryption to match the details of other encryption software. If you specify this parameter, also specify the algorithm parameter with a Password Based Encryption (PBE) algorithm. Do not specify this parameter for Block Encryption Algorithms. Use the same value to encrypt and decrypt the data.
The encryption is a secret-key encryption (also called symmetric key encryption)algorithm, where a password (or pass phrase) is used to generate real encryption key.The password can be supplied by user, or you may chose to let rclonegenerate one. It will be stored in the configuration file, in a lightly obscured form.If you are in an environment where you are not able to keep your configurationsecured, you should addconfiguration encryptionas protection. As long as you have this configuration file, you will be able todecrypt your data. Without the configuration file, as long as you rememberthe password (or keep it in a safe place), you can re-create the configurationand gain access to the existing data. You may also configure a correspondingremote in a different installation to access the same data.See below for guidance to changing password.
There is requirement in one of the Interface to generate public and private key for encryption and decryption. The reason behind this is we will share public key with Non-SAP system and they will encrypt the file using public key share by S4 and later on once we received encrypted file we will decrypt that file with the help of private key.
Encryption is divided into two categories: symmetric and asymmetric, where the major difference is the number of keys needed. In symmetric encryption algorithms, a single secret (key) is used to both encrypt and decrypt data. Only those who are authorized to access the data should have the single shared key in their possession. On the other hand, in asymmetric encryption algorithms, there are two keys in use: one public and one private. As their names suggest, the private key must be kept secret, whereas the public can be known to everyone. When applying encryption, the public key is used, whereas decrypting requires the private key. Anyone should be able to send us encrypted data, but only we should be able to decrypt and read it! Asymmetric encryption is usually employed to securely establish a common secret (key) between two parties communicating over an insecure channel. With this shared key, both parties now switch to symmetric encryption, which is faster and more suitable for handling large amounts of data.
Most users will never have a need for this option, and no standardviewers support this mode of operation, but it can be useful forforensic or investigatory purposes. For example, if a PDF file isencrypted with an unknown password, a brute-force attack using thekey directly is sometimes more efficient than one using thepassword. Also, if a file is heavily damaged, it may be possible toderive the encryption key and recover parts of the file using itdirectly. To expose the encryption key used by an encrypted filethat you can open normally, use the--show-encryption-key option.
Copy all encryption parameters, including the user password, theowner password, and all security restrictions, from the specifiedfile instead of preserving the encryption details from the inputfile. This works even if only one of the user password or ownerpassword is known. If the encryption file requires a password, usethe --encryption-file-password option to set it. Notethat copying the encryption parameters from a file also copies thefirst half of /ID from the file since this is part of theencryption parameters. This option can be useful if you need todecrypt a file to make manual changes to it or to change it outsideof qpdf, and then want to restore the original encryption on thefile without having to manual specify all the individual settings.See also --decrypt.
There are several ways of classifying cryptographic algorithms. For purposes of this paper, they will be categorized based on the number of keys that are employed for encryption and decryption, and further defined by their application and use. The three types of algorithms that will be discussed are (Figure 1):Secret Key Cryptography (SKC): Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption; also called symmetric encryption. Primarily used for privacy and confidentiality.Public Key Cryptography (PKC): Uses one key for encryption and another for decryption; also called asymmetric encryption. Primarily used for authentication, non-repudiation, and key exchange.Hash Functions: Uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly \"encrypt\" information, providing a digital fingerprint. Primarily used for message integrity.
A block cipher is so-called because the scheme encrypts one fixed-size block of data at a time. In a block cipher, a given plaintext block will always encrypt to the same ciphertext when using the same key (i.e., it is deterministic) whereas the same plaintext will encrypt to different ciphertext in a stream cipher. The most common construct for block encryption algorithms is the Feistel cipher, named for cryptographer Horst Feistel (IBM). As shown in Figure 3, a Feistel cipher combines elements of substitution, permutation (transposition), and key expansion; these features create a large amount of \"confusion and diffusion\" (per Claude Shannon) in the cipher. One advantage of the Feistel design is that the encryption and decryption stages are similar, sometimes identical, requiring only a reversal of the key operation, thus dramatically reducing the size of the code or circuitry necessary to implement the cipher in software or hardware, respectively. One of Feistel's early papers describing this operation is \"Cryptography and Computer Privacy\" (Scientific American, May 1973, 228(5), 15-23).
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile) encryption: GSM mobile phone systems use several stream ciphers for over-the-air communication privacy. A5/1 was developed in 1987 for use in Europe and the U.S. A5/2, developed in 1989, is a weaker algorithm and intended for use outside of Europe and the U.S. Significant flaws were found in both ciphers after the \"secret\" specifications were leaked in 1994, however, and A5/2 has been withdrawn from use. The newest version, A5/3, employs the KASUMI block cipher. NOTE: Unfortunately, although A5/1 has been repeatedly \"broken\" (e.g., see \"Secret code protecting cellphone calls set loose\" [2009] and \"Cellphone snooping now easier and cheaper than ever\" [2011]), this encryption scheme remains in widespread use, even in 3G and 4G mobile phone networks. Use of this scheme is reportedly one of the reasons that the National Security Agency (NSA) can easily decode voice and data calls over mobile phone networks.
RSA: The first, and still most common, PKC implementation, named for the three MIT mathematicians who developed it — Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. RSA today is used in hundreds of software products and can be used for key exchange, digital signatures, or encryption of small blocks of data. RSA uses a variable size encryption block and a variable size key. The key-pair is derived from a very large number, n, that is the product of two prime numbers chosen according to special rules; these primes may be 100 or more digits in length each, yielding an n with roughly twice as many digits as the prime factors. The public key information includes n and a derivative of one of the factors of n; an attacker cannot determine the prime factors of n (and, therefore, the private key) from this information alone and that is what makes the RSA algorithm so secure. (Some descriptions of PKC erroneously state that RSA's safety is due to the difficulty in factoring large prime numbers. In fact, large prime numbers, like small prime numbers, only have two factors!) The ability for computers to factor large numbers, and therefore attack schemes